This literature review discusses how Western media, political debates, and cultural works have portrayed Iraq before and after the September 11, 2001, attacks. Iraq is located in West Asia, often referred to as the “Middle East.” The country has faced ongoing internal conflict, outside interference, and frequent misrepresentation. For many years, U.S. interests and broader...
External forces have significantly influenced the Middle East for over a century. It is a fact that efforts to unite the area under Pan-Arabism and Pan-Islamism have failed due to the inability to bring together the ruling elites. This has resulted in a significant impact on the region’s development. For over a century, external powers...
The concept of a rentier state is closely linked to oil-rich producing states in the Middle East. The theory attempts to explain how the oil and gas economies affect the nature of these states. In Arab oil states, it has been estimated that two to three per cent of the labour force is involved in...
Abstract Human societies have disputed, connected, and negotiated over water resources since time immemorial. This interplay between water resources and politics is studied through the discipline of hydropolitics. While dominant discourses in hydropolitics lean on the ‘conflict or cooperation’ dichotomy to explain state behaviour, historical accounts of hydropolitics call for a more inclusive and comprehensive...
Critical Analysis of Neoliberal NGOs Role and Relationships in ‘Developing’ Countries Shareefa Panchbhaya Since the 1980s, NGOs have played a crucial role in developing countries, but their role and relationships with the state have been heavily criticised by those who argue NGOs act as Trojan horses by actively supporting neoliberalism. Yet, NGOs in developing countries...
Joshua Heinrich About a week before the Russian attack on Ukraine, I herded about the Holodomor. The Holodomor, a genocide of the Ukrainian peasants, since followed my sphere of interest, not just because in the current war where references to the artificial famine have been made but also because last summer, I read Timothy Snyder’s...
Euan Southwell The financial system plays a significant role in the global political economy and its stability. This paper demonstrates the critical role of financial capital in the global economy by focusing on two systems: The Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunications (Swift) and The Instrument in Support of Trade Exchanges (INSTEX). In doing this, the...
Hydropolitics in the Ganges and Mekong basins: Beyond the Dichotomy of ‘Conflict’ and ‘Cooperation’ Devika Nambiar Abstract Human societies have disputed, connected, and negotiated over water resources since time immemorial. This interplay between water resources and politics is studied through the discipline of hydropolitics. While dominant discourses in hydropolitics lean on the ‘conflict or cooperation’...
Whenever we discuss what is natural to humanity, it is difficult to put ourselves in a theoretical scenario of a natural world when we exist in a world that is seemingly so far from away from ‘natural’. Questions arise on what is natural for us. At what point do we, as homo sapiens, become detached...
Devika Nambiar Abstract As Asian societies succumbed to Western dominance during the early twentieth century, a group of Japanese thinkers and nationalists were prompted to reinstall Asian control and values in the region through a socio-political ideology known as Pan-Asianism. Pan-Asianism emerged as a promising macro-nationalist ideology calling for Asian solidarity to confront and end...
In line with having a profound understanding of modern-day international relations and the international political system, this paper aims to present and analyse the conceptual fragmentations of the English school and the element of International Society in general. In doing this, the essay will explain what kind of structure the school has been established in...
The relationship between democracy and development has been debated amongst scholars for many years. They assess whether democracy is critical to developing and changing a given society. For some liberal scholars, development is a transition of countries towards capitalism; a liberal model of governance emphasises individual freedom, a parliamentary or presidential system of election, and...