Beyond the Bosphorus: Rethinking Turkey Through Lived Experience

Before visiting Turkey, my imagination was filled with familiar images: the domes and minarets of Istanbul, bustling bazaars perfumed with spices, and the shimmering Bosphorus, which links Europe and Asia. These iconic scenes often dominate global narratives about Turkey, presenting it as a bridge between East and West, tradition and modernity. Yet these images, while...

Framing Iraq: Orientalism, U.S. Power, and Western Media Narratives Before and After 9/11

This literature review discusses how Western media, political debates, and cultural works have portrayed Iraq before and after the September 11, 2001, attacks. Iraq is located in West Asia, often referred to as the “Middle East.” The country has faced ongoing internal conflict, outside interference, and frequent misrepresentation. For many years, U.S. interests and broader...

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